Art Blog 203

Kabuki Theatre, Izumo no Okuni and the Ichikawa Danjūrō family

Japanese Woodblock Print depicting Kabuki

Kabuki Theatre

Kabuki is a traditional Japanese theatre form that combines dramatic acting with traditional dance. Renowned for its highly stylised performances, Kabuki theatre features glamorous, intricately decorated costumes and the elaborate kumadori make-up worn by some performers.

Kabuki is believed to have begun in the early Edo period, when its founder, Izumo no Okuni, established a female dance troupe that showcased dances and light sketches in Kyoto.

Early depiction of Izumo no Okuni

Izumo no Okuni was a Japanese entertainer and miko (shrine maiden) credited with creating the theatrical art form known as kabuki. She is believed to have started showcasing her innovative kabuki style ('by kanji spelling, the art of singing and dancing') in the dry riverbed of the Kamo River in Kyoto. Okuni's troupe rapidly became highly popular, recognized for its performers, who were frequently lower-class women that Okuni recruited for her all-female theatre company.

Kabuki Actors

The Danjūrō family

Ichikawa Danjūrō is a stage name used by a succession of Kabuki actors from the Ichikawa family. Many of these actors were blood relatives, although some were adopted into the family. This name is renowned and prestigious, and receiving it is considered an honor. The Danjūrō lineage is known for specializing in certain roles, as well as a collection of plays, the Kabuki Jūhachiban, which highlight the Ichikawa family's specialties.

Danjūrō Family portraits

Danjūrō selected lineage

• Ichikawa Danjūrō I (May 1675 – February 1704) – Also known as Mimasuya Hyōgo in his role as a playwright, he was initially called Ichikawa Ebizō I before adopting the name Danjūrō. He was the originator of the aragoto style.

• Ichikawa Danjūrō II (July 1704 – November 1735) – The eldest son of Danjūrō I; he was formerly known as Ichikawa Ebizō II and Ichikawa Kuzō.

• Ichikawa Danjūrō XII (April 1985 – February 2013) – Eldest son of Danjūrō XI. Previously known as Ichikawa Shinnosuke VI and Ichikawa Ebizō X.

• Ichikawa Danjūrō XIII (October 2022 – current) – Takatoshi Horikoshi, son of Danjūrō XII. Previously known as Ebizō XI.

The Heron Maiden by Harunobu

Folklore tales frequently covered by Kabuki include:

• The Heron Maiden

• The Magical Helmet

• Kanadehon Chūshingura” - The 47 Ronin - The Treasury of Loyal Retainers

Daijo (opening act) of the famous Kabuki play “Kanadehon hushingura (47 Ronin) - Courtesy of Old Tokyo.com

Paul writes:

Kabuki is an art form that embodies the core of Japanese culture and aesthetics through its distinctive blend of deliberate, precise movements and visually striking presentations. This traditional theatre, which began in the early 17th century, is noted for its elaborate costumes, intricate makeup, and stylized performances that express a rich array of human emotions, dramas, and ancient stories and myths.

The costumes are often vibrant and ornate, featuring bold colors and detailed designs that signify the characters' status and personality. Each costume is meticulously crafted, using traditional fabrics and techniques handed down through generations.

In Kabuki, dance is not merely entertainment; it is an essential storytelling tool. The choreography is designed to enhance the narrative, with movements that vary from graceful and fluid to sharp and dynamic. Each dance sequence is carefully choreographed to evoke specific emotions, enabling the audience to experience the story's highs and lows alongside the characters.

Kabuki performances frequently draw from historical events, folklore, and classic literature, interweaving tales of love, betrayal, honor, and redemption. These narratives are deeply rooted in Japanese history and culture.

For me, both Kabuki and the similar Noh theatre are highly entertaining to watch. They are a reflection of Japan's ancient history and wisdom and highlight Japan's significance in philosophy.

Kabuki theatre is available online on platforms like YouTube, where numerous channels delve into this art form.

Words and text - Various Sources

Art Blog courtesy of www.connorcontemporary.com