Art Blog #187
- Paul Connor
- 2 days ago
- 2 min read
Japanese woodblock Prints - Carving techniques (Overview)
Today, we will focus on the carving stage of the woodblock print production process. However, let's first quickly review all the materials required for creating the print.
Artists involved:
The artist responsible for drawing or sketching the image.
The individual who carves the image onto the woodblock.
The expert who applies the colour.
The publisher who oversees the entire process and markets the completed print.
Materials required for the carver:
Wood Blocks:
Type of Wood: Traditional moku hanga typically employs cherry wood (sakura) or other hardwoods due to their fine, consistent grain, which is ideal for detailed carving.
Preparation: The wood is planed and smoothed to provide a flat surface suitable for precise carving.
Carving Tools:
Knives and Gouges: Specialized Japanese carving tools with various blade shapes are utilized to incise the wood. These include chisels and gouges that enable both intricate details and broader cuts.
Sharpening Equipment: Regular maintenance of tools is crucial for achieving the clean cuts necessary for high-quality prints.
Types of blocks:
Outline Block: One block is typically carved to create the outline or the main structure of the image. The artist removes the areas that should remain white (or the background) when printed.
Color Blocks: Separate blocks are carved for each additional color. Each block represents a different part of the design, and their precise alignment is critical for the final image.
Detail and Texture: The skilful use of carving tools allows for fine lines, intricate details, and textural effects that are characteristic of moku hanga.
Watch this video courtesy of David Bull - https://youtu.be/K8I2hnR8TG8?si=grYmtUX3OHPhZIEi
The carving workflow proceeds through distinct stages, each requiring specific tools and techniques:
Design transfer: The artist’s image is pasted face-down onto the block with rice paste. After drying, the paper is moistened and rubbed away, leaving a reversed ink image on the wood surface.
Outline cutting: Using a sharp hangi-tō knife held at consistent angles, the carver cuts along both sides of each line, creating a V-shaped channel that isolates raised printing areas.
Wood removal: Komasuki (U-shaped gouges) clear large areas between design elements, while smaller tools remove wood from detailed sections. Removal depth typically reaches 3-5mm depending on image complexity.
Surface finishing: The raised printing surface receives careful smoothing to ensure even ink acceptance. Some carvers apply light abrasives; others rely on tool edge quality alone.
Test printing: Initial proofs reveal carving problems before extended production begins. Adjustments address uneven surfaces, insufficient relief depth, or registration issues.
Courtesy of laboostudio.com/blogs/news/japanese-wood-blocks
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